An attacker can exploit this vulnerability to run remote commands on the target, achieving code execution. The vulnerability stems from how the WingFTP server usernames are processed, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands. When the server does not allow anonymous access, successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires valid user credentials (username and password). This exploit performs the following steps: Sends a POST request to loginok.html with the malicious command in the username field. Extracts the session cookie (UID). The server responds with a UID cookie in Set-Cookie. Uses the extracted UID cookie to access dir.html. Requests and execute the necessary files to install an agent.

A critical vulnerability (CVE-2025-32463) was discovered in Sudo versions 1.9.14 through 1.9.17. The vulnerability allows local users to obtain root access by exploiting the --chroot option, where /etc/nsswitch.conf from a user-controlled directory is used. This exploit creates a temporary directory structure that mimics a normal root environment, uploads a malicious /etc/nsswitch.conf which in turn calls a shared object that escalates privileges, the exploit is triggered when executing sudo with the -R flag pointing to the user controlled directory.

Kibana's api does not sanitize one of its method's parameters allowing for an attacker to specify any file of the target system, this file will be treated as a js and executed

This module connects to the remote host and attempts to determine by sending specially crafted requests, if the target is vulnerable to CVE-2022-22972 based on the inspection of the target's response. If the target is vunerable, the module will output the cookie obtained in the authentication bypass (HZN cookie).

This module connects to the remote host and attempts to determine by sending specially crafted requests, if the target is vulnerable to CVE-2022-32742 based on the inspection of the target's response.

An unmarshal reflection vulnerability in GlobalProtect feature of Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS software allows unauthenticated remote attackers to create empty arbitrary directories and files in the operating system. If device telemetry is enabled, then remote OS command injection is possible via the dt_curl python module. This module performs the vulnerability verification in three steps. The first step, does a control check using a random filename against the /images directory. Since this file shouldn't exist in the target webapp, the webserver will return a 404 HTTP code. The second step consists in using the vulnerability to try to create the file in the given location. The final step performs the first step again. If the file exists, then a 403 HTTP code is returned, proving that the file was created with the vulnerability. Any other HTTP code will be taken as the target system being not vulnerable.

This module connects to a MySQL server in order to determine if its vulnerable to memcmp authentication bypass

This module uses a SQL injection vulnerability in Fortinet FortiWeb to deploy an agent in the appliance that will run with root user privileges. The vulnerability is reached via the /api/fabric/device/status endpoint. The module will first check if the target is vulnerable using the previous endpoint with a generic payload. Then, it will use the vulnerability to upload and write a webshell in disk that will allow the execution of OS commands to deploy an agent. Next, it will use the vulnerability again to upload, write an execute a python script that will give execution permission to the uploaded webshell. Finally, it will send several requests to the webshell to deploy a Core Impact agent. Once the agent is deployed, the webshell and the python script will be erased from the target system.

Systems with microprocessors utilizing speculative execution and speculative execution of memory reads before the addresses of all prior memory writes are known may allow unauthorized disclosure of information to an attacker with local user access via a side-channel analysis, aka Speculative Store Bypass (SSB), Variant 4.

Spectre breaks the isolation between different applications. It allows an attacker to trick error-free programs, which follow best practices, into leaking their secrets. In fact, the safety checks of said best practices actually increase the attack surface and may make applications more susceptible to Spectre