The Filter function of the VBScript engine in Microsoft Internet Explorer is prone to a type confusion vulnerability when processing specially crafted parameters. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable machines by enticing unsuspecting users to visit a specially crafted website. In order to bypass ASLR, this module also exploits a memory disclosure vulnerability from the same Microsoft security bulletin. This second vulnerability exists in the IE JavaScript engine when dealing with ArrayBuffer objects.
The amd64_set_ldt() function in sys/amd64/amd64/sys_machdep.c in the FreeBSD kernel code is prone to an integer signedness error when processing a system call with specially crafted parameters originated from user space. This issue ultimately leads to a kernel heap overflow, which can be used by unprivileged local attackers to cause a kernel panic and crash the machine.