The Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter module (clfs.sys) present in Microsoft Windows is vulnerable to a Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition, which can result in arbitrary file write. This module allows a local unprivileged user to execute arbitrary code with SYSTEM privileges. The steps performed by the exploit are: Start RasMan service Create sync root directory Create junction directory Create target junction and symlink Register sync root Create threads to exploit race condition and detect exploitation Trigger race condition Write the agent and execute it

The Agere Windows Modem module (ltmdm64.sys) present in Microsoft Windows is vulnerable to an untrusted pointer dereference, which can result in arbitrary memory write. This module allows a local unprivileged user to execute arbitrary code with SYSTEM privileges. The steps performed by the exploit are: Leak the address of the current process Leak the address of the System process Leak the address of the I/O ring Trigger the vulnerability to overwrite IoRing->RegBuffersCount Trigger the vulnerability to overwrite IoRing->RegBuffers Leak the address of the System process token using I/O ring Overwrite the current process token using I/O ring Reset IoRing->RegBuffersCount to 0 Inject the agent into an elevated process

The Common Log File System Driver (clfs.sys) present in Microsoft Windows is vulnerable to a Use After Free, which can result in an arbitrary write. This module allows a local unprivileged user to execute arbitrary code with SYSTEM privileges. The steps performed by the exploit are: Create target directory Perform a pool spray using pipes Creates two threads to win the race condition and trigger the UAF Use the RtlSetAllBits function to enable all privileges in the current process Inject a new agent into an elevated process to run as SYSTEM Successful exploitation is probabilistic and depends critically on two factors: CLFS internal state: The log container lifecycle must be coerced into the precise sequence that releases a vulnerable structure while references remain accessible. Interruptions (other CLFS activity, antivirus hooks, or system load) can alter timing and invalidate the race window. Pool spray: The density, timing, and size-class alignment of sprayed pipe allocations must closely match the freed allocation slot. Memory fragmentation, other kernel consumers, or spray volume reduce the odds of landing a controlled object in the target slot.

The Application Identity Service module (appid.sys) present in Microsoft Windows is vulnerable to an untrusted pointer dereference, which can result in arbitrary code execution. This module allows a local unprivileged user running as "LOCAL SERVICE" to execute arbitrary code with SYSTEM privileges. The steps performed by the exploit are: Leak the address of the current thread Leak the address of the current process token Leak the address of the SYSTEM process token Leak the address of the ExpProfileDelete kernel function Trigger the vulnerability to overwrite PreviousMode Replace the current process token with the SYSTEM token Restore original PreviousMode value

A vulnerability in the update service of Microsoft Windows Disk Cleanup Tool could allow an authenticated local attacker, to execute a crafted dll with SYSTEM user privileges. The steps performed by the exploit are: First It creates 3 folders: C:\$Windows.~WS, C:\ESD\Windows, C:\ESD\Download, inserts dummy .txt files and pauses. Create a thread to run first stage of executable FolderOrFileDeleteToSystem to set up the Config.msi. Create a second thread to run the second executable FolderContentsDeleteToFolderDelete to redirect content cleanup from C:\ESD\Windows to C:/Config.msi. It creates a task named SilentCleanup to trigger content cleanup and delete Config.msi. After deletion it creates a third thread to run second stage of FolderOrFileDeleteToSystem to drop HID.dll. Run osk.exe, then in another thread run mmc.exe.

A critical vulnerability (CVE-2025-32463) was discovered in Sudo versions 1.9.14 through 1.9.17. The vulnerability allows local users to obtain root access by exploiting the --chroot option, where /etc/nsswitch.conf from a user-controlled directory is used. This exploit creates a temporary directory structure that mimics a normal root environment, uploads a malicious /etc/nsswitch.conf which in turn calls a shared object that escalates privileges, the exploit is triggered when executing sudo with the -R flag pointing to the user controlled directory.

This module exploits an arbitrary file deletion vulnerability that allows an unprivileged user to delete files in protected folders. Before deleting the file, the module backs up the file to the user's temporary folder.

The vulnerability in vkrnlintvsp.sys (VkiRootAdjustSecurityDescriptorForVmwp()) stems from insufficient validation of the Dacl AclSize field in a Security Descriptor. Since this value is user-controlled, an attacker can trigger an integer overflow in the ExAllocatePool2() size calculation, leading to a heap-based buffer overflow , allowing a local attacker to exploit them for privilege escalation. The steps performed by the exploit are: Sprays WNF objects to control heap layout. Calls NtCreateCrossVmEvent with a malicious Security Descriptor to overflow a heap buffer. Frees corrupted WNF objects and replaces them with IORING RegBuffers and PipeAttribute objects. Uses IORING RegBuffers to hijack pointers and gain arbitrary kernel R/W. Locates system EPROCESS and copies its token to the target process. Overwrites the current process token to gain SYSTEM privileges. Restores corrupted objects to avoid crashes.

The Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver (cldflt.sys) present in Microsoft Windows is vulnerable to a buffer overflow, which can result in out-of-bounds memory write to paged pool memory. This module allows a local unprivileged user to execute arbitrary code with SYSTEM privileges. The steps performed by the exploit are: Register a sync root and set its reparse point data Spray memory using WNF and ALPC Trigger the vulnerability to get an arbitrary write Overwrite the token privileges of current process Inject a new agent into an elevated process to run as SYSTEM

The Windows Error Reporting (WER) service, which runs with SYSTEM privileges, interacts with registry keys to store and process crash reports. The vulnerability stems from weak access controls on these registry keys, allowing a local attacker to exploit them for privilege escalation. The steps performed by the exploit are: Initializes Native APIs by loading necessary Windows APIs for low-level operations Modifies the Registry to hijack WerFault.exe by setting a malicious Debugger key Locks Resources by creating lock files and manipulating registry keys to ensure uninterrupted execution Triggers the Vulnerability by calling ReportFault, forcing the Windows Error Reporting service to execute the malicious payload Escalates Privileges by executing arbitrary code with SYSTEM-level privileges through the hijacked WerFault.exe Cleans Up by removing traces like the Debugger key and temporary files to avoid detection.