The /opt/cma/bin/clear_keys.pl Perl script in Sophos Web Protection Appliance, which can be executed by the 'spiderman' user with the sudo command without password, is prone to an OS command injection vulnerability, because its close_connections() function does not escape the second argument of the script before using it within a string that will be executed as a command by using backticks. This vulnerability can be abused to escalate privileges within the appliance from 'spiderman' to root.
The /opt/ws/bin/sblistpack Perl script in Sophos Web Protection Appliance, which can be reached from the web interface, is vulnerable to an OS command injection because its get_referers() function does not escape the first argument of the script before using it within a string that will be executed as a command by using backticks. A remote unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code in the affected appliance. The agent installed by this exploit runs with the privileges of the 'spiderman' user. After successfully installing an agent, by default this module will automatically run another module (Sophos Web Protection Appliance clear_keys.pl Privilege Escalation Exploit), which will try to exploit a privilege escalation vulnerability that is also present in the Sophos appliance in order to install another agent with root permissions.
There is a buffer overflow vulnerability in the Microsoft Windows Messenger service. This allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code with System privileges. The vulnerability is triggered by sending a malformed message to the vulnerable host. Manipulating the length of the packet allows portions of the heap memory to be overwritten with user defined data.
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of software utilizing Simple Web Server. The vulnerability is caused due to a boundary error within Simple Web Server when processing HTTP GET Request. This can be exploited to cause a stack-based buffer overflow via an overly long, specially-crafted argument passed to the affected command. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.